
In these cases, conjuring spirits served a dual purpose. Consequently, they were doomed to walk the earth as unruly spirits until the living uncovered their buried secrets. In court documents, we often find the assumption that people hid treasures while still alive but then calamitously died before they could retrieve their money. Much more important, however, was the relation between treasures and the spirits of the dead. Many people believed that such treasures were guarded by evil spirits who could be outsmarted and forced to reveal the riches under their watch. Third, traditionally there existed a strong semiotic connection between the apparition of spirits and hidden treasures. Second, people assumed that it was possible to influence both the physical and the supernatural world (spirits) through spells and rituals. The existence of ghosts and spirits was taken for granted in early modern Europe. First, there was a belief in the existence of invisible entities, which the living could communicate with. Three preconditions enabled the circulation of and desire to consult such books. Read more posts in this series, and check out the conference website. Tweet or email us links to related discussions. Join the conversation on Twitter with the hashtag #lbtb18 or on this blog with a post of your own. Such handbooks became the center of attention at such trials as the authorities were eager to track them down and place them in safe custody. This is just one of the many stories that can be found in early modern court documents about treasure hunters trying to conjure spirits. Another man stated that he had come into possession of this book and copied various parts of it with his friends. Said man supposedly received the book from a Venetian.
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Jacob Schaffner, a shoemaker, stated on record that he had obtained his knowledge of how to conjure spirits from a book he had bought from a Saxon some time ago. There was a rumor that some of them had attempted to find hidden treasures by performing nocturnal ceremonies to conjure spirits that could uncover and release the concealed money.
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